(1)as,like

as表示"作為"強調身份，like(介詞)表示"像"

As a teacher,he cares for these children.

Like a teacher,he cares for these children.

(2)with,in

with表示"外貌特征或附帶的東西","用……作工具"

in表示"衣著""用某語言",在固定搭配中也可用in

A man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.

A man in black wanted to buy drinks.

The boy is learning to write in pencil/with a pencil.

He retold the text in English.

(3)for,to

for表示"為了."

To表示動作對象,"對,向."如:

He would do anything for his motherland.

Did you mention this to my father?

你對我父親提起過這件事嗎?

for表示"就某情況而說",to表示一"對某對象而言"如：

It's quite warm today for February.就二月的天氣，今天夠暖和的。

What he told you just now was not new to me

他剛才對你所說的話對我并不新鮮

for表示"目的,用途"。與go,come動詞連用

(4)except,besides

except表示"從總體中排除一部分",與bat同義，besides表示"除了一部分還有另一部分"

We all failed except him.我們都失敗了，但他沒有。

He speaks German besides French.他懂法外還會講英語。

(5)on,about關于

on表示這本書、文章、演說是嚴肅的學術性的，供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀;

about表示內容較為普通，不那么正式。

例句：There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.

He is writing a book on cooking.

He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.

(6)by,with,in表示方法、手段、工具

by以……方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具;

with表示用…工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段;

in表示用…方式，用…語言(語調、筆墨、顏色)等;

例句：He makes a living by selling newspapers.

He broke the window with a stone.

The foreigner spoke to us in English.

(7)except,besides除了

except除……之外，不包括在內;

besides除……之外，包括在內。

例句：Except Mr.Wang,we went to see the film.(王先生沒去)

Besides Mr.Wang,we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

(8)注意成對介詞的用法：

get into(out of)the car,get on(off)the bus,jump onto(off)the platform,out of

(9)介詞和名詞動詞等有不少固定搭配和習慣用法：

to one's surprise/joy,in charge of,instead of,in bed(hospital),in trouble,in a hurry,in surprise,with a smile,with one voice,according to,at once,on time,in time,in all,at home,(school,work),at last,at least,in the end,by the way,for example,at the same time,at the same speed,on one's way(to),in the sun,on the football team,in line,with the help of,in red/green…put on,look for,look after,run after,send for,enter for,pay for,show…around,listen to,arrive in/at,get to,agree with,succeed in,think of(about),wait for,arrive at/in(到達…),on foot(步行),not…at all(根本不),to the north of(在…以北),in the east of(在…的東部),in the night(在夜間),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕…),be full of(充滿/裝滿….),be filled with(充滿/裝滿….),be good/bad for(對…有益/有害),be made of(由…做成),be made from(由…制造),play with(玩耍……),look out of(朝…外面看),at the end of(在…末梢/結束時),by the end of(不遲于…/到…末為止),with the help of或with one's help(在…的幫助下),look after(照料…),look for(尋找…),on a bike(=by bike)騎車,help sb.with(幫某人做…),get on(well)with(與某人相處[融洽])。

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