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2018中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn):常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤示例--介詞

來(lái)源:中考網(wǎng)整理 作者:中考網(wǎng)編輯 2017-08-29 13:15:28

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  新一輪中考復(fù)習(xí)備考周期正式開(kāi)始,中考網(wǎng)為各位初三考生整理了各學(xué)科的復(fù)習(xí)攻略,主要包括中考必考點(diǎn)、中考常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)、各科復(fù)習(xí)方法、考試答題技巧等內(nèi)容,幫助各位考生梳理知識(shí)脈絡(luò),理清做題思路,希望各位考生可以在考試中取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)!下面是《2018中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn):常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤示例--介詞》,僅供參考!

  常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤示例--介詞
 
  [誤] We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.
 
  [正] We got to the top of the mountain at day break.
 
  [析] at用于具體時(shí)刻之前,如:sunrise, midday, noon, sunset, midnight, night.
 
  [誤] Don’t sleep at daytime
 
  [正] Don’t sleep in daytime.
 
  [析] in 要用于較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi),如:in the morning / afternoon, 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。
 
  [誤] We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.
 
  [正] We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.
 
  [析] in the morning, in the afternoon 如果在這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為on, 如:on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th
 
  [誤] He became a writter at his twenties
 
  [正] He became a writter in his twenties
 
  [析]這句話(huà)應(yīng)譯為:他在20多歲時(shí)就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時(shí)間段中要用介詞in來(lái)表示,而在具體歲數(shù)時(shí)用at來(lái)表示。
 
  [誤] He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.
 
  [正] He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.
 
  [析] 在具體年歲前用at, 如:at the age of 12, at your age,等等。
 
  [誤] We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.
 
  [正] We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.
 
  [析] 具體某一天要用介詞on, 又如:on New Year‘s Day
 
  [誤] I’m looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.
 
  [正] I’m looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.
 
  [析]在節(jié)日的當(dāng)天用on,而全部節(jié)日期間用at,Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間,一般要有兩周或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。
 
  [誤] I haven’t see you during the summer holidays.
 
  [正] I haven’t seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays.
 
  [析] during表示在某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi),所以一般不與完成時(shí)搭配,如:I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段時(shí)間,可以用于完成時(shí),如:I haven‘t see you for a long time. 而through 用來(lái)表示時(shí)間時(shí)則為“整整,全部的時(shí)間”。如:It rained through the night.而since則是表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間,一般要與完成時(shí)連用。
 
  [誤] At entering the classroom, I heard the good news.
 
  [正] On entering the classroom, I heard the good news.
 
  [析] On 加動(dòng)名詞表示“一……就”。本句的譯文應(yīng)是:我一進(jìn)入教室就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這個(gè)好消息了。又如:on hearing… 一聽(tīng)見(jiàn), on arrival 一到達(dá)就……(on表示動(dòng)作的名詞)
 
  [誤] In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.
 
  [正] At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.
 
  [析] at the begining與at the end都是指某事物的開(kāi)始與結(jié)束部分,均不指時(shí)間范圍,而in the beginning 則是指開(kāi)始一段時(shí)間。in the end=at last是指“最終,終于”之意。
 
  [誤] Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.
 
  [正] By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.
 
  [析] by 引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示了動(dòng)作的截止點(diǎn),其意思為“不遲于某一時(shí)刻將工作做完”,所以主句一般是完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),如:I‘ll be there by five o’clock.而till則表達(dá)其一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻,但句中的動(dòng)詞一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而瞬間的截止性動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用其否定句式,如:I won‘t finish this work till(until) next weekend.
 
  [誤] He came to London before last weekend.
 
  [正] He had come to London before last weekend.
 
  [正] He came to London two weeks ago.
 
  [析] before 一般要與完成時(shí)連用,而ago則與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。
 
  [誤] I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.
 
  [正] I have studied English for three years since I came here.
 
  [析] since用來(lái)表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始時(shí)間,所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí),而不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)
 
  [誤] I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours.
 
  [正] I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours.
 
  [析]中文經(jīng)常講兩小時(shí)之后來(lái)取,兩天內(nèi)會(huì)修好,而這個(gè)介詞在英文中要用in而不要用after.其原因有二,①after 多用于過(guò)去時(shí),如:I arrived in New York. After three days, I found a job in the bank. ② after 加時(shí)間是表達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間范圍,如:after three days, 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)完成某事時(shí),一定要用介詞in.
 
  [誤] Three days after he died.
 
  [正] After three days he died.
 
  [正] Three days later he died.
 
  [析] after 與 later都可以用來(lái)表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后,但它們所處的位置不同,after 在時(shí)間詞前,而later在時(shí)間詞后。
 
  [誤] She hid herself after the tree.
 
  [正] She hid herself behind the tree.
 
  [析] after多用來(lái)表達(dá)某動(dòng)作之后,所以有的語(yǔ)法書(shū)中稱(chēng)它為動(dòng)態(tài)介詞,如:I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。
 
  [誤] There is a beautiful bird on the tree.
 
  [正] There is a beautiful bird in the tree.
 
  [析] 樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)出的果實(shí),樹(shù)葉要用on, 而其他外來(lái)的人、物體均要用in the tree.
 
  [誤] Shanghai is on the east of China.
 
  [正] Shanghai is in the east of China.
 
  [析] 在表達(dá)地理位置時(shí)有3個(gè)介詞:in, on, to. in表示在某范圍之內(nèi); on表示與某地區(qū)接壤;to則表示不相接。如:Japan is to the east of China.
 
  [誤] I arrived at New York on July 2nd.
 
  [正] I arrived in New York on July 2nd.
 
  [析] at用來(lái)表達(dá)較小的地方,而in用來(lái)表達(dá)較大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village.
 
  [誤] He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.
 
  [正] He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.
 
  [析] 在門(mén)牌號(hào)碼前要用at, 并要注意它的慣用法:at the end of the street, at the foot of the mountain, at the top of the page.
 
  [誤] There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.
 
  [正] There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.
 
  [析] 在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in,而墻的外角用at,如:There is a tree at the corner of the street.
 
  [誤] This weekend I’ll stay in Uncle Wang’s.
 
  [正] This weekend I’ll stay at Uncle Wang’s.
 
  [析] 要注意英文的特殊表達(dá)法,如:at a tailor’s shop (裁縫店)=at a tailor’s, at the doctor’s (去看病) at the bookseller’s (在書(shū)店) at uncle Wang’s (在王叔叔家)
 
  [誤] Do you know there is some good news on today’s newspaper?
 
  [正] Do you know there is some good news in today’s newspaper?
 
  [析] 在報(bào)紙上的新聞要用in, 而在具體某一版上,或某一頁(yè)上則要用on.
 
  [誤] The school will begin on September 1st.
 
  [正] School will begin on September 1st.
 
  [析]這里的school應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程,即開(kāi)學(xué)之意。要注意,有些活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動(dòng)時(shí)不要加冠詞,如:at table (吃飯), When I came to Tom’s home, they were at table. 還有: at desk (學(xué)習(xí)),at work (工作) at school (上學(xué)), in hospital (住醫(yī)院) at church 作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意,如:at the school 即在學(xué)校工作或辦事,in the hospital 即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。

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