［誤］ In my way to the station， I bought a newspaper to kill time.

 

　　［正］ On my way to the station， I bought a newspaper to kill time.

 

　　［析］譯文為：在去車站的路上我買(mǎi)了份報(bào)紙，為的是消磨時(shí)光“在……的路上”應(yīng)用on one‘s way…。而 in the way 有擋道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way.

 

　　［誤］ Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke into.

 

　　［正］ Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke in.

 

　　［正］ Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke into the office.

 

　　［析］ in是表達(dá)一個(gè)靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，在與break連用時(shí)其后不加介詞賓語(yǔ)，而into則是動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，與break連用時(shí)要加介詞賓語(yǔ)。

 

　　［誤］ I’ll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.

 

　　［正］ I’ll leave Beijing for Shanghai.

 

　　［正］ I’ll leave for Shanghai.

 

　　［析］ leave for 是離開(kāi)某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有：start for 動(dòng)身前往某處，set out for， sail for.

 

　　［誤］ I’m sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.

 

　　［正］ I’m sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.

 

　　［析］ get in， 與 get out是兩個(gè)相反的詞組。get in 為上車，而get out為下車，但語(yǔ)法家認(rèn)為這里的in與out為副詞，所以其后不能接名詞，我們可以講We’d better get in. 或We’d better get out. 還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車：get on／off（a train， a ship， a struck） get into／out of （a car， taxi…）

 

　　［誤］ Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero.

 

　　［正］ Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero.

 

　　［析］ over 與 above 在作為比某物高的意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時(shí)，即正上方時(shí)則要用above.而泛指上方時(shí)用over.

 

　　［誤］ There is an old stone bridge above the river.

 

　　［正］ There is an old stone bridge over the river.

 

　　［析］ over還有一意為“跨越，橫跨”。

 

　　［誤］ The Dead Sea is under the sea level.

 

　　［正］ The Dead Sea is below the sea level.

 

　　［析］在垂直下方要用below.也就是講above與below互為反意詞，over與under也是反意詞。

 

　　［誤］ There is a big tree in the front of the house.

 

　　［正］ There is a big tree in front of the house.

 

　　［析］ in front of 是在物體外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物體內(nèi)部的前面，如：The driver sits in the front of the bus.

 

　　［誤］ It took them two days to walk across the forest.

 

　　［正］ It took them two days to walk through the forest.

 

　　［析］ across 作為介詞有兩個(gè)主要意思：① 橫過(guò)，如：I want to walk across the street.② 對(duì)面，如：There is a post office across the street，而through 多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平面上的橫過(guò)。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.

 

　　［誤］ The sun sets toward the west.

 

　　［正］ The sun sets in the west.

 

　　［析］ towards也可用作toward，它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，但不一定到達(dá)，如：He ran toward（s） the mountain.而在表示方位east， west， north， south 時(shí)，其前面要用in.要注意的是這4個(gè)詞可以用作副詞，如：I went south. 也可用作名詞，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容詞，如：I went to the south part of China.

 

　　［誤］ Do you have no other clothes except those？

 

　　［正］ Do you have no other clothes besides those？

 

　　［析］ beside 是“在……旁邊”，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是“除……之外，不僅……而且……，除了……以外還有……”，如：I studied English besides French， when I was in college. 而except 則是從同一類物體中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同種類的事物，如：The room is clean except for two chairs. 而except that則要加從句。

 

　　［誤］ Can I write the exam paper with ink？

 

　　［正］ Can I write the exam paper with a pen？

 

　　［正］ Can I write the exam paper in ink？

 

　　［析］ with后要加拿得起來(lái)放得下的工具，而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in.

 

　　［誤］ I’m earlier today. I came here by his car.

 

　　［正］ I’m earlier today. I came here in his car.

 

　　［析］在交通工具前加介詞by，但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。by taxi=in a taxi

 

　　by train=in a train

 

　　by bicycle=on a bicycle

 

　　by ship=on a ship

 

　　by boat=in a boat

 

　　by bus=on a bus

 

　　by plane=on a plane

 

　　by air 空運(yùn)

 

　　by land 陸運(yùn)

 

　　by sea 海運(yùn)

 

　　on foot on horseback

 

　　by phone by letter by radio

 

　　by air mail by hand

 

　　［誤］ A lot of French wines are made of grape.

 

　　［正］ A lot of French wines are made from grape.

 

　　［析］ made of 是指由原材料到成品過(guò)程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from，如：The desk was made of hard wood.

 

　　［誤］ This is a good dictionary in English grammar.

 

　　［正］ This is a good dictionary on English grammar.

 

　　［析］關(guān)于某方面的書(shū)籍、報(bào)告等有兩個(gè)介詞，其中on表示某專業(yè)用書(shū)，about則為某方面的普通讀物，如：This is a book about physics.即物理科普知識(shí)。

 

　　［誤］ Do you have the key of the door.

 

　　［正］ Do you have the key to the door.

 

　　［析］ key to the door門(mén)的鑰匙。相同用法還有answer to the question， entrance to the highway， danger to health.千萬(wàn)不要用of.

 

　　［誤］ Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps.

 

　　［正］ Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in collecting stamps.

 

　　［析］ have interest in是在某方面有興趣。

 

　　［誤］ I didn’t do my homework， so the teacher was angry to me.

 

　　［正］ I didn’t do my homework， so the teacher was angry with me.

 

　　［析］ be angry with其后接人，而be angry at其后接事。如：He was angry at what she said.

 

　　［誤］ He was good for skating.

 

　　［正］ He was good at skating.

 

　　［析］ be good at 為“擅長(zhǎng)某事”，而be good for somebody為對(duì)某人很好。

 

　　［誤］ It was good to you to help my little boy.

 

　　［正］ It was good of you to help my little boy.

 

　　［析］ 這句話應(yīng)譯為：你真太好了，幫助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是對(duì)某人態(tài)度好。如：Her mother is good to everyone.

 

　　［誤］ My parents were very pleased at me.

 

　　［正］ My parents were very pleased with me.

 

　　［正］ My parents were very pleased at my studying.

 

　　［析］ be pleased with后加somebody， 而be pleased at后加something.

 

　　［誤］ He is agree with me.

 

　　［正］ He agrees with me.

 

　　［誤］ He againsts me.

 

　　［正］ He is against me.

 

　　［析］同意agree為動(dòng)詞，而反對(duì)against則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。

 

　　［誤］ I haven’t heard letters from him.

 

　　［正］ I haven’t heard from him.

 

　　［析］ hear from 即為：從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter了。

 

　　［誤］ Teacher. May I call at you this weekend？

 

　　［正］ Teacher. May I call on you this weekend？

 

　　［析］ 作為“拜訪”講call at其后接地點(diǎn)，如：May I call at your home this weekend？而call on其后接人。

 

　　［誤］ Do you know the girl on white？

 

　　［正］ Do you know the girl in white？

 

　　［析］ in white為穿一身白。與in有關(guān)的詞組有：in bed（睡覺(jué)），in hospital（住院），in a hurry（匆匆忙忙），in danger（危險(xiǎn)中），in joy （高興），in good health（身體好），in love（戀愛(ài)），in trouble（困境），與之相反的是out of ，如：out of trouble （擺脫困境），out of date（過(guò)時(shí)了）， out of order（出故障）

 

　　［誤］ He looked at me at surprise.

 

　　［正］ He looked at me in surprise.

 

　　［析］ surprise的用法一般有三種。①用于句首，To one’s surprise， 如：To my surprise he succeeded. ② be surprised at， 如：I was surprised at the news. ③用于句尾in surprise.

 

　　［誤］ She didn’t come to school because of she was ill.

 

　　［正］ She didn’t come to school because she was ill.

 

　　［析］ because of 后接名詞，如：The game was put off because of the rain.